• Autocrine regulations of several adipokines e g

  2024-10-25

  

  Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y

• It has been well established that shortly after

  2024-10-25

  

  It has been well established that shortly after systemic inflammation, NADPH oxidase and iNOS activity were increased in the Calcein acetoxymethyl ester australia and lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO [66]. Moreover, previous studies indicated that Ang II induced an inc

• br AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted

  2024-10-25

  

  AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted considerable attention within the past decades, owing to the capacity of pharmacological compounds (e.g., 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR] and metformin) or natural compounds (e.g., resveratrol) to activate AMPK in

• Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA

  2024-10-25

  

  Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal the precise cellular location of the 12S-lipoxygenases in tissues of interest. An immunohistochemical study in various rat tissues showed specific expression of the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase in macrophages in lung and spleen [27]. In

• Blocking the action of CREB

  2024-10-25

  

  Blocking the action of CREB with the C646 inhibitor together with increasing Akt activation with the SC79 agonist is particularly interesting as it significantly reduced wound closure time from 7 days (which is required for complete closure of control hTECs exposed to DMSO) to only 4 days (when hTEC

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements We would like to

  2024-10-25

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant Number 24592576. Co-existence of β- and β-adrenergic recept

• It is worth mentioning that cordycepin as an adenosine analo

  2024-10-24

  

  It is worth mentioning that cordycepin, as an adenosine analogue, is structurally similar to adenosine. A previous study has shown that the anti-apoptotic effects of cordycepin are partially dependent on the activation of A1R [16], and cordycepin increases theta waves power density via nonspecific a

• In the past years the role of

  2024-10-24

  

  In the past 10 years, the role of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway in suppression of anti-tumor immunity has increasingly been recognized [13], [14]. In this review, we discuss the latest findings dealing with the regulation of anti-tumor immunity by CD73 and adenosine. We also discuss ongoing clinica

• br Conclusions Several lines of evidence have been establish

  2024-10-24

  

  Conclusions Several lines of evidence have been established, which support the adenosine kinase hypothesis of epileptogenesis, which is based on a sequence of events leading from acute 1295 injury to initial downregulation of ADK, rise in extracellular adenosine, changes in astrocytic adenosine

• We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling

  2024-10-24

  

  We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling in the retina. It was reported that the degree of imatinib mesylate injury directly depends on expression levels of AK and the resulting extracellular levels of adenosine (Boison, 2006). Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing AK are highly

• br Trauma and ACEs screening the past

  2024-10-24

  

  Trauma and ACEs screening: the past, present, and future Traditionally, allopathy’s biomedical model has utilized an etic perspective; the outsiders’ view of the problem. Development of diagnostic screening tools requires an etic approach, which relies heavily on a completely objective perspecti

• serine threonine protein kinase It is already established in

  2024-10-24

  

  It is already established in the literature that products synthesized by 5-LO, such as lipoxin A4, can activate PPARγ in a setting of experimental stroke [43]. Interestingly, experiments using 5-LO knockout mice in an endotoxemia model to mimic septic conditions, demonstrated reduced multiple organ

• Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of HT in

  2024-10-24

  

  Despite functional studies demonstrating the role of 5-HT in ureteral contractility, the source of endogenous 5-HT in the ureter is unclear. Since 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells, which are present in the gastrointestinal tract, could not be found in the ureter (Nocito et al., 2007, Ripoche,

• Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it

  2024-10-24

  

  Our current knowledge on autophagy broadly differentiates it into three types: macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Macroautophagy mainly involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic contents in a double-walled membrane followed by the fusion with the lysosomes. The lysosom

• br Conclusion GroEL from RA

  2024-10-24

  

  Conclusion GroEL from RA-CH-1 was expressed and purified. The recombinant RaGroEL protein exhibited ATPase activity, which cooperated with GroES in ATP hydrolysis. Furthermore, the expression pattern of groEL revealed that groEL was up-regulated during stress response. Further studies are warrant

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