• br Acknowledgements These studies were supported by a resear

  2021-04-23

  

  Acknowledgements These studies were supported by a research grant from the NIH (R01 AR065594) to C. Putterman. Introduction Macrophages integrate and adapt to their locally encountered cytokine and chemokine milieu. In tumors characterized by an unresolving inflammation, the tumor cell-killin

• Instead of introducing extra hardware or hardware modificati

  2021-04-23

  

  Instead of introducing extra hardware or hardware modification, software-based CFC techniques just insert extra checking instructions into the source code of the target program at compile time so as to have the target program do checking jobs itself. Preeminent software-based CFC techniques proposed

• Partial suppression of the cot ts phenotype

  2021-04-23

  

  Partial suppression of the cot-1 (ts) phenotype by deletion of gul-1 has been well documented (Seiler et al., 2006). This is now also very clearly evident in the transcriptional profile of the various strains (Fig. 2). Furthermore, the comparative analysis of the single and double mutants revealed,

• A number of chemical strategies have been

  2021-04-23

  

  A number of chemical strategies have been developed to design activatable optical imaging probes and have been summarized in several excellent reviews 11., 12., 13., 14., 15.. Fluorogenic enzyme substrates are one of the most explored activatable probe types for enzyme detection. These probes contai

• In our opinion the precise function of AE

  2021-04-23

  

  In our opinion, the precise function of AE of S. mansoni (Sm32) remains unclear, and accurate knowledge of the three dimensional structure of this enzyme would be valuable for a better understanding the molecular basis of many of its properties, including its role in the host-parasite interaction, a

• br Conflict of interest br

  2021-04-23

  

  Conflict of interest Introduction Endothelin receptors are members of the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and central regulators of vascular tension and other physiological functions in higher eukaryotes [1]. The human endothelin system comprises the highly homologous endoth

• Studies using SERPINB deficient mice established the

  2021-04-23

  

  Studies using SERPINB1-deficient mice established the significant role for SERPINB1 in protecting lung antimicrobial proteins from proteolysis during microbe infection and its regulatory role in sustaining the balance of neutrophil reserve [15]. Neutrophil serine proteases (NSPs) (elastase, cathepsi

• The monomeric oligomeric states of DDR V His and

  2021-04-23

  

  The monomeric/oligomeric states of DDR2-V5-His and DDR2-Fc were confirmed by Western blotting under reducing and non-reducing conditions. As shown in Fig. 1b, DDR2-V5-His exhibited a relative molecular mass of ~60 kDa under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, consistent with this protein bein

• Our knowledge of DDR induced signaling pathways

  2021-04-23

  

  Our knowledge of DDR-induced signaling pathways is still fragmentary. In particular, we do not know which signaling effectors interact with the phosphorylated receptors and how different effectors are linked to the control of specific cellular functions. The DDRs are at the interface between RTKs an

• In the absence of ligand RNA

  2021-04-23

  

  In the absence of ligand RNA, 2CARD of RIG-I is masked by the intramolecular interaction with the helicase domain, showing auto-repressed state [33], [34]. But upon viral RNA binding, 2CARD of RIG-I is exposed to interact with the CARD domain of MAVS (also known as Cardif, IPS-1 or VISA) on mitochon

• br RING dimerization RING type domains are found

  2021-04-23

  

  RING dimerization RING-type domains are found in many different structural contexts. While many exist as single-chain Tamoxifen (Fig. 3A), a notable feature of RING-type E3s is their tendency to form homodimers and heterodimers (Fig. 3C–F). Homodimeric RING-type E3s include cIAP, RNF4, BIRC7 (sh

• Concerning family A GPCRs although it has been described tha

  2021-04-22

  

  Concerning family A GPCRs, although it has been described that several receptors are able to operate as monomers (Arcemisbéhère et al., 2010; Bayburt et al., 2011; Chabre & le Maire, 2005; Ernst, Gramse, Kolbe, Hofmann, & Heck, 2007; Hanson et al., 2007; Kuszak et al., 2009; Whorton et al., 2007), e

• C PHNO has been described as a

  2021-04-22

  

  [11C]-(+)-PHNO has been described as a full agonist at both D2 and D3 receptors [54,55]. [11C]-(+)-PHNO was initially developed as a PET radiotracer for imaging the high affinity state of the D2 receptor (i.e., highD2) as a means of measuring synaptic dopamine changes in response to pharmacologic ch

• br NADH and NADPH Turnover and the Putative Role

  2021-04-22

  

  NADH and NADPH Turnover and the Putative Role of Alternative NAD(P)H Dehydrogenases Still very little is known about the metabolic function of external and internal alternative NADH:UQ oxidoreductases, and almost nothing is known about the mechanisms underlying their metabolic regulation, especia

• Typical examples of CO utilization and

  2021-04-22

  

  Typical examples of CO2 utilization and reduction technologies are catalytic reduction of CO2 to C1 compounds such as CO, formic acid, methanol and so on [[3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]], and catalytic organic synthesis using CO2 as a feedstock [[11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18

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