• It has been shown that ACLY is localized

  2024-10-25

  

  It has been shown that ACLY is localized to not only the cytoplasm but also the nucleus. Nuclear ACLY may supply acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation, leading to global regulation of the gene expression [16], [18]. We previously reported that AZ2 is also localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus whe

• The amino hydroxy methyl isoxazolepropionic acid

  2024-10-25

  

  The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic thymidylate synthase inhibitors (AMPA) receptor is also enriched in postsynaptic striatal neurons (Bernard et al., 1997, Kondo et al., 2000, Reimers et al., 2011). Its activity is subjected to the regulation by a mechanism involving phosphorylation

• ion channel br Experimental procedures br Results

  2024-10-25

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Although previous studies have indicated that astrocyte aromatase plays a role in nociceptive processes (O'Brien et al., 2015, Smeester et al., 2016), the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of aromatase and its involvement in nociception rem

• Citral or dimethyl octadien al

  2024-10-25

  

  Citral or 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al is a mixture of two stereoisomeric monoterpene aldehydes (the trans isomer geranial, citral A (40–62%)) and the cis isomer neral, citral B (25–38%) and serves one of the main constituent of essential oils of C. citratusis used in cosmetic, food, fungicides, p

• br Introduction Endothelial progenitor cells

  2024-10-25

  

  Introduction Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) present a class of blood cells with an ability to form new blood vessels relying on pre-existing vessels, which contribute to postnatal angiogenesis [1], [2]. A wide range of studies have demonstrated that EPCs play a critical role in angiogenesis

• Autocrine regulations of several adipokines e g

  2024-10-25

  

  Autocrine regulations of several adipokines (e.g., leptin and resistin) on adipocytes have been reported (Karastergiou and Mohamed-Ali, 2010, Ye et al., 2010). Several lines of evidence have shown that apelin influences adipocyte functions, such as, lipolysis and glucose uptake (Dray et al., 2008, Y

• It has been well established that shortly after

  2024-10-25

  

  It has been well established that shortly after systemic inflammation, NADPH oxidase and iNOS activity were increased in the Calcein acetoxymethyl ester australia and lead to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO [66]. Moreover, previous studies indicated that Ang II induced an inc

• br AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted

  2024-10-25

  

  AMPK as a druggable target AMPK signaling has attracted considerable attention within the past decades, owing to the capacity of pharmacological compounds (e.g., 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside [AICAR] and metformin) or natural compounds (e.g., resveratrol) to activate AMPK in

• Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA

  2024-10-25

  

  Histochemical analyses using antibody or cDNA probes reveal the precise cellular location of the 12S-lipoxygenases in tissues of interest. An immunohistochemical study in various rat tissues showed specific expression of the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase in macrophages in lung and spleen [27]. In

• Blocking the action of CREB

  2024-10-25

  

  Blocking the action of CREB with the C646 inhibitor together with increasing Akt activation with the SC79 agonist is particularly interesting as it significantly reduced wound closure time from 7 days (which is required for complete closure of control hTECs exposed to DMSO) to only 4 days (when hTEC

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements We would like to

  2024-10-25

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We would like to thank Editage (www.editage.jp) for English language editing. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant Number 24592576. Co-existence of β- and β-adrenergic recept

• It is worth mentioning that cordycepin as an adenosine analo

  2024-10-24

  

  It is worth mentioning that cordycepin, as an adenosine analogue, is structurally similar to adenosine. A previous study has shown that the anti-apoptotic effects of cordycepin are partially dependent on the activation of A1R [16], and cordycepin increases theta waves power density via nonspecific a

• In the past years the role of

  2024-10-24

  

  In the past 10 years, the role of the CD73-adenosinergic pathway in suppression of anti-tumor immunity has increasingly been recognized [13], [14]. In this review, we discuss the latest findings dealing with the regulation of anti-tumor immunity by CD73 and adenosine. We also discuss ongoing clinica

• br Conclusions Several lines of evidence have been establish

  2024-10-24

  

  Conclusions Several lines of evidence have been established, which support the adenosine kinase hypothesis of epileptogenesis, which is based on a sequence of events leading from acute 1295 injury to initial downregulation of ADK, rise in extracellular adenosine, changes in astrocytic adenosine

• We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling

  2024-10-24

  

  We aim to evaluate the AK in regulating adenosine signaling in the retina. It was reported that the degree of imatinib mesylate injury directly depends on expression levels of AK and the resulting extracellular levels of adenosine (Boison, 2006). Indeed, transgenic mice overexpressing AK are highly

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